Trends in Global Philanthropy among U.S. foundations

Question: Discuss about the Trends in Global Philanthropy among U.S. foundations? Answer: Overview: The global rise in giving funds to social causes has increased a lot in recent years. This article has discussed the growth of philanthropy by U.S. foundations. The analysis provided insight into the trend currently going on among top firms and entrepreneurs (Maclean et al., 2013). Specific qualitative design used The models related to microcredit have been followed. The success drawn by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh has been taken. Comprehensive analysis of all studies reviewed rigorously to find out the effectiveness of philanthropy. Population and sample the samples were taken from different studies based on the trend of philanthropy by several U.S firms. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects Proper data collection is needed to research about any topic. Steps are followed to derive the result. First relevant article and sample data were collected. Then measurement was done on the quality of the data. The irrelevant data were erased out, and only related information on the topic was taken for the analysis. Steps Taken for the analysis of the data The pattern of differing interpretations of effectiveness is often overlapped with social problems. Researchers use an approach that is more cautious while practitioners move quickly to implement ideas. Scientific methods began with a hypothesis about how the trend affected global market. Then results were targeted to particular scientific audiences (Petersen McClure, 2011). Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework The issues of reliability often come as a barrier to accepting research results. In this case, the issue revolved around considering U.S. companies. The result is based on the approach taken by US firms and their implementation of philanthropy in world finance. Article: Social innovation and the practice of contemporary Entrepreneurial philanthropy Overview The social crisis has accelerated the need for philanthropy. Entrepreneurs are taking steps in addressing socio-economic challenges. They are making their presence felt in integrating theory and empirical practice. The article has highlighted the commitment of philanthropists and their prospective effect on coming years (Shaw et al., 2013). A specific qualitative design A straightforward fund-raising model was followed. It is relied on the view and approach of the persons in the research. It revolved around 55 foundations in UK; it exemplified within the diverse community function. The population and sample The population of the sample is minuscule. The study had only taken views of few participants. Only two entrepreneurs, one house builder, a historical novelist and four charitable trusts were the participants. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects The data collection process supervised different organizations in UK. Data were collected from as many as 253 in different funds, 48 corporate, 36 charities and trust funds. The data were thoroughly filtered, and the most relevant subjects were taken. Steps for analysis of the data The data were not taken randomly. It was purposefully selected. For the analysis, grant making fund programs, performance on social deprivation were followed. Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework Limitations of the study include the fact that the empirical site embraced a single organization. It lacks the significance of concrete result and findings. The interviews, one on one session were conducted to few entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is probably not showing the real picture (LeClair, 2014). Article: Exploring contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy Overview: The article has examined the philanthropic outcome of super-wealthy entrepreneurs in large-scale endeavors. The findings of the study have highlighted the blend of different forms of capital as a defining feature (Kou et al., 2013). Specific qualitative design The design followed the history of philanthropic works done for centuries. The design has showed entrepreneurs have demonstrated a keen interest in philanthropy. The population and sample The sample they used for the study was huge in number. It started from the early centuries. It also collected a detailed study on philanthropic ventures in last 30 to 40 years. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects Three forms of cultural capital were used. It embodied personal disposition. It objectified various studies and institutionalized educational qualifications. Steps for the analysis of the data The analysis was done based on social, socio-economic, political and global perspective. The analysis had widely observed the ideologies and theories applied in this context. Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework The article has contributed to a theoretical model of understanding of contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy. Applicable hypothetical study Based on the analysis of a hypothesis can be derived. H1: Global philanthropy is needed for socio-cultural development throughout the world. H0: Global philanthropy is not needed for socio-cultural development throughout the world. The hypothesis can derive the effectiveness of the analysis from which we can find the outcome. The study derived from the hypothesis depends upon philanthropic growth and the influence on the entrepreneurs around the globe. The study is important in the sense it can explore the trend of philanthropy and the involvement of business leaders. The business leaders from the past have been using the fund as a tool to create an impression on the people (Zunz, 2014). In these articles, several designs have been followed to analysis the data. In some cases, the research was only conducted through the interview. Only a few people were the sample. The worthiness of the finding was critical as it had a contradictory effect. The argument said it was not trustworthy as the sample size was so less. It was perceived as a general outcome of a community. In other articles, the research was well organized, and it was praised for the value it generated. The sample size was big; the quality assessment was precise and effective. The less effective and irrelevant data were curtailed down. Researches were conducted on a larger business community as well as trusts, clubs and individual wealthy persons (LeClair, 2014). Strengths and challenges The strengths and challenges were found from the case topic. The strengths were the data of the research done. The analysis was full proofed, and it followed the proper step of the analysis. The amount of data and sample was collected since the eighteenth century. Results of funds taken are ranging from top corporate house, firms, trusts, clubs, and individual. Hypothesis drawn from the findings were predominantly challenges both the positive and negative aspects of the topic. However, it does not allow to draw any conclusion on whether it was impacting on the socio-cultural side of people or it was not. Ethical issues are there that was found from the research process. The super wealthy organizations and the wealthy entrepreneurs often try to use philanthropic works for their benefit. Sometimes they attempt to evade tax department or to fake their assets by endorsing charitable funding. Ethical consideration needs to be there as it is directed towards the benefit of poor people. The super power countries need to understand the actual meaning of funding. The funds help the third world countries to help the underachievers and poor in their livelihood. The issue has been addressed by several journals to point out the negative side of philanthropy. Philanthropic works should be directed at helping the poor. The government of respective countries needs to tap whether the philanthropic endeavors are actually for the cause or it is largely exaggerated. Corporate Social Responsibility has been imposed by several countries to create a rule for the corporate houses. The regulation says this activity should be followed by giving a part of the excess profit for the benefit of the poor (Tilcsik Marquis, 2013). References: Kania, J., KraMer, M., Russell, P. A. T. T. Y. (2014). Strategic philanthropy for a complex world. Kou, X., Hayat, A. D., Mesch, D. J., Osili, U. O. (2013). 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Punctuated Generosity how mega-events and natural disasters affect corporate philanthropy in US communities.Administrative Science Quarterly, 0001839213475800. Zunz, O. (2014).Philanthropy in America: A history. Princeton University Press.