Tkam Reflection

Jewel a d Scout have a real existence head of them that Tactics can look forward as well. With this current, Attic's acceptable sense e of profound quality in part originates from the way that he needs to show his kids the correct exercise. On the off chance that the book continued for an additional twenty years, I accept that Gem and Scout would have a superior existence with a superior feeling of ethical quality that Male would. Additionally, Bob's terrible feeling of profound quality influence De the characters around him and even caused the life of a human. Since, Bob has a poor feeling of profound quality, he doesn't feel awful accusing his beating of Male for Tom Robinson.Tom was clearly blameless and passed on attempting to get away from prison which Bob put him in. As it were, Bob is r expansible for Tom's passing. Didn't authenticity how the ethical quality of somebody could be influenced and how profound quality has any kind of effect on an individual before perusing To Kil l a Mockingbird. All through this article, I had a great deal of positives and negatives. I would state had a greater number of negatives than positives however in the long run worked them out. The simplest piece of the article for me was composing the parts the parts not about the statements and research.For test el saying, â€Å"Bob Lowell carries on with a poor existence with nothing to anticipate. † was much simpler that n clarifying a statement. This is on the grounds that statements and proof were incredibly difficult to find when composing this paper. The vast majority of the courses by researchers I glanced through didn't clarify how profound quality influenced the characters, yet they clarified that â€Å"Bob's feeling of ethical quality was not right†. Ho falter, would in the long run locate a decent article, for example, Laurie Champion's that clarified confidence TTY in the book top to bottom. I likewise composed two essays.The initial one completed well be fore the due information yet acknowledged I was discussing an inappropriate data. Erased a large portion of it and began once again. The sees were a few difficulties and a few positives of composing this paper. Taken in some intriguing realities about myself as an essayist when composed this sees ay. One of the greatest one was the way that I talk about my suppositions and what I need to s ay to an extreme. When begun to compose this paper, really composed the entire thing without perhaps on e or statements. I accepted the article was great however I realized I needed to include quotes.I discovered that I could compose a ton facilitated on what I read all through doing my exploration. Additionally discovered that on the off chance that I pr ovoid myself with a diagram, can compose the article a great deal smoother. At the point when I began composing the sees ay, I had no clue about what focuses I would raise when discussing the particular subject. I mama De myself a blueprint and h ad the option to compose the exposition a great deal smoother. On the off chance that I could return and fix anything about my article I would most likely include more statements and proof. I didn't utilize that numerous statements contrasted with my companions and in the event that I had time would discover more data.

The changing role of hr management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The changing job of hr the board - Essay Example Starbucks and Southwest Airlines are the ideal instances of such organizations, where globalization and change in business patterns have adjusted the conventional jobs of HR the board. Let us talk about how every one of these components influences the job of HR the board in the 21st century. Globalization â€Å"Globalization is said to bring individuals of all countries closer together, particularly through a typical medium like the economy or the Internet† (Ellis-Christensen, 2011). Globalization has opened new measurements and zones of thought for the HR administrators of the today’s world. Globalization has put a critical effect on the job of HR the executives in the achievement of an organization. Today, any organization or association needs to extend its business to the universal world so as to expand efficiency and benefit, and when an organization intends to go worldwide, the administration of that organization needs to consider numerous significant elements iden tified with business, for example, various societies, dialects, social practices, and work and government laws. The job of HR the executives changes when an organization intends to work the business in outside nations. ... treme significance to the comprehension of worldwide societies and dialects since it assumes a basic job in the universal achievement of global organizations. Another significant factor to which today’s HR supervisors give outrageous significance is universal business laws. At the point when an organization goes worldwide, the administration needs to think about global work laws while setting up business plans for the universal representatives. Innovation The progression in the field of innovation has driven the focal point of HR administrators towards recruiting exceptionally specialized representatives for the organizations. At the point when an organization begins utilizing new and most recent innovation for maintaining a particular business action, for example, producing, it needs to recruit such representatives who ought to be gifted in utilizing that innovation. Today, HR supervisors incline toward exceptionally talented and specialized applicants when contrasted with su ch up-and-comers who are albeit high qualified yet not gifted enough to utilize innovation. In addition, data innovation has additionally assumed a job in changing the job of HR the executives in the today’s business world. Data innovation gives directors such programming items and applications, which help them in doing execution evaluation as well as aides in improving the general human asset the executives. Before, keeping record of enormous scope HR was not a simple undertaking (Rankonda, 2010). The human asset the board framework (HRMS) is a case of data innovation, which not just helps human asset directors in keeping enormous records yet in addition causes them in completing numerous errands, for example, keeping participation, work appropriation, mechanized record keeping, and numerous different assignments. Morals â€Å"Business morals is the conduct that a business holds fast to in its every day

Writing Argumentative Essays in Seventh Grade

Writing Argumentative Essays in Seventh GradeA higher level of vocabulary and comprehension are the key to writing an argumentative essay. Excess of vocabulary is desirable for students in this grade level because they will use the words with more frequency in school. However, excessive vocabulary can be distracting, so it is important to select a topic that is both interesting and productive. A good topic does not need to be new to the student, just a topic that uses words in a more active way will be productive enough.Some topics can be educational and informative, while others are strictly informational use. Some topics that are quite informative can be a little boring for some students. It is important to choose topics that appeal to the student. Not every topic will be directly beneficial to the student, but some topics are very educational.One topic that appeals to many students is sports. Students love sports, and this topic is a great way to bring up fun topics to discuss. Th is will help students spend their time learning. It is best to choose a topic that is closely related to the student's interest. Sports can be a topic in almost any subject.One topic that works well for seventh graders is current events. The topic should be a little bit more informational than purely opinion based. It is possible to teach students about current events without being too opinionated or on topic.Other topics that are helpful in seventh grade are a history of science. This will give students more knowledge about science as well as get them more involved in the science field. If students are passionate about history, this will lead to more interest in other subjects in high school.Another topic that is very useful for seventh grade is a topic about a person. Sometimes students are just interested in knowing the name of a person, but there are some others who have more interest in hearing about a person and how their life has been lived. The student is given permission to talk about the person and this is a great topic to write about.Writing a persuasive essay is not easy for seventh graders. For the majority of students, the structure of a persuasive essay is quite difficult. To write an argumentative essay in this grade level, students need to understand how to make their essay appealing to the reader. The essay must be written in such a way that it will stand out from other essays written by peers in the class.Writing a persuasive essay can be very challenging for students. There are several tips that can be used to make writing easier and more productive. Always write with a purpose and stay motivated throughout the process. By understanding how to compose a persuasive essay, seventh graders will have a great time writing an argumentative essay.

Literature Review - Customer Online Purchase Intention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2877 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, the first section will be the comprehensive review of customer online purchase intention, cinema e-ticketing, web security, perceived risk and perceived usefulness. The second section will be the relationships between independent variables and dependent variable. Through reviewing the published journals, articles and textbooks that relevant to this research study topic. It provides researcher a foundation to create a research framework to this research study. In order to reach the research objectives, the published journals, articles and textbooks will help this research study to proceed with further investigation and hypotheses testing. The Internet market penetration rate has increased rapidly in Asia region (Maddox and Gong, 2005). According to Malaysia Internet Usage and Telecommunication report (2014), the number of Internet subscribers in Malaysia has increased from 2.9 million in year 20 04 to 20 million in year 2013. It showed that there is a rapidly growth in the Internet subscription and online purchase in Malaysia. The online purchase of Malaysia is still at the development stage. However, there are not much information to know the customer online purchase intention and the factors that influence customer online purchase intention in the online purchase environment. Therefore, this research study will investigate the factors that affect customer online purchase intention in the online purchase environment in Malaysia.It showed that the factors that influence customer online purchase intention are very important. Therefore, the e-commerce company must pay attention and solve these factors in order to gain more profits. As mention above, there is a significant relationship between web security, perceived risk, perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention. The independent variables and dependent variable will be review in this chapter to get bette r understanding in this research study. 2.2 Previous Study 2.2.1 Customer Online Purchase Intention Jarvenpaa, Sirkka and Noam (1999) stated customer online purchase intention is customers intention to purchase products or services from online retailer.Except selling products and services through traditional ways, there are many companies conduct online retail at the same time. These online retailers are selling products and services in a virtual medium through Internet. Ajzen (1991) said motivation factors will influenced a person online purchase intention. Normally, the motivation factors are come from personal and social motive. Additionally, motivation factors that influence a person online purchase intention included internal and external motive. It showed that motivation factors will influence a person intention who willingness to make online purchase decision. On the other hand, Heijden, Verhagen and Creemers (2001) explained online purchase is a person intention who willingness to purchase products or services at the website through Internet.Thus, customer will purchase products or services through online transaction when customer perceived benefits from online purchase.Pavlou (2003) stated online purchase is the process of products or services purchase, information retrieval and information transfer. Therefore, these activities taken place in customer online purchase process.Other than that, Pavlou (2003) explained the information retrieval of products or services are considered as the intention of customer to use a website during online purchase.Thus, the description of products and services also affect customer online purchase intention. Besides that, the development of Internet technology in Malaysia allowed the Malaysian customers to make online purchase from online retailer and search for products or services through Internet (Kwek, Tan and Lau, 2010).When customer has intention to purchase products or services in the web-shopping environment, it showed that customer perceived benefits from online purchase.The attractiveness of the website design, products describe, advertising and many more can attract customers eyesight as well as increase customer online purchase intention (Chi, Yeh and Huang, 2009).Zeithamal (1988) stated the more online purchase willingness will increase the purchase intention of customer. It showed that the perceived usefulness will influence online purchase intention so when the perceived usefulness increase, it tends to increase intention of online purchase at the same time.In addition, customers perception on risk and usefulness and web security will affect online purchase intention. Therefore, these are the main factors to estimate customer online purchase intention in the e-commerce market. 2.2.2 Cinema E-ticketing E-ticketing system is a new version that transform from the conventional paper ticket.E-ticket also is an electronic record to keepin the cinemas reservations syst em. In addition, Cinema e-ticketing system is a new marketing strategy implemented by cinema companies in order to serve customers through Internet Infrastructure (Goh, 2001).According to Sulaiman, Josephine and Mohezar (2008), the information of customers will store in cinema company database. Therefore customer can go into cinema with an e-ticket with using a special lookup code knows as QR code or bar code.E-ticketing system is still at the growing stage in Malaysia. According to Lau, Choo and Tan (2011), AirAsia was the first to start the e-ticketing system and subsequently followed by cinema companyin Malaysia.Thus, cinema company still need time to gain customers confidence of the e-ticketing system in order to succeed in the e-commerce market. Hoosain, Khan, Kira and Farhoomand (2000) said the main purpose of e-ticketing system is to develop customer self-services technology. Online cinema movie ticket purchasing is considered an easy task that may take about 5 minutes to complete a purchasing. However, the purchasing process of online cinema movie ticket included select a cinema, select a date, select a movie, select a payment method, select seat and then make payment after that customer will get the e-ticket from the cinema e-ticketing system.Enhance customer service and improve effeciency are the elements to lead e-ticketing system to success (Hoosain et al, 2000). Thus, cinema companies should enhance customer and improve efficiency to lead customer accept cinema e-ticketing system. E-ticketing system allows cinema companies to eliminate customers queuing tension of purchasing a movie ticket. Sulaiman et al (2008) stated e-ticketing system is beneficial for both consumer and organisation. Customer will save time and avoid long queue when using cinema e-ticketing system. 2.2.3 Web Security Gray (2006) stated the security of customers information has become significant issue that increased attention by the public. Thus, customer demand increa sed that the personal information should be protect by company during collection and use of such information. According to Goh (2001), perceived security included threat that may cause e-commerce economic hardship such as disclosure of data, fraud, waste and abuse to the Internet users. It showed that company must pay attention in web security when running e-commerce because web security is a factor that will influence intention of online purchase. Roca, Garcia and Vega (2009) stated customer will be more willing to use online purchase if the information provided during transaction is more secure. Goh (2001) explained that hacker, poor security and immature website will influence consumer intention of online purchase.It showed that Malaysias Internet users are concern with web security issue. Thus, customers only will online purchase cinema movie ticket when customers confident with the online transaction system provided by cinema company.Cinemas website is one of the contact too ls between cinema company and customers. According to Powell (2009), the quality of the website will affect customer intention of online purchase. Thus, websites quality is one of the factors that will affect web security. Web security is the largest issues of e-ticketing system in Malaysia (Sulaiman et al, 2008). It showed that which organisation need to use e-ticketing system must pay attention in web security. According to Hopwood, Sinason Tucker (2000), web security has become the problem for e-commerce.Nowadays, customer is more careful during online purchase. On the other hand, Salisbury, Pearson.R, Pearson.A and Miller (2001) stated customer will only online purchase when the sensitive information is safe. Therefore, many large scale online retailer pay attention in the web security to protect the customer information.Customer will demand that online retailer to protect their sensitive analysis such as name, identity card number, credit card number and security code. Credi t card number and security code is the most important sensitive analysis for customer. If the credit card number and security code get by other person through the website customer financial will get harmful from this issue. In addition, Salisbury et al (2001) said there are many large scale online retailer will hire professional employees in Information Technology (IT) department to design the company website and of course the security of website.An excellent web security will help cinema company to build customers trust and firm reputation. It showed that web security is a significant factor that will influence customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 2.2.4 Perceived Risk Tam (2012) said perceived risk can be defined as unexpected or negative consequences a consumer fears may occur as a result of making the wrong purchase decision. This shows perceived risk plays an important role in purchase decision.Lee and Tan (2003) stated customer will perceived higher level of risk when online purchase compared with traditional retail shop. Customer hard to examine the physical products because customer only can rely on limited details and pictures shown on the screen. Perceived risk also can be defined as consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ belief the transaction has uncertain negative outcomes (Martin and Camarero, 2008). Thus, perceived risk is a vital hurdle for online purchase. Kwek, Daud, Tan, Kay and Hassan (2011) stated perceived risk can be defined in various types of risk in the transaction environment. According to Chen and Barnes (2007), privacy risk and security risk are the predominant risk in online purchase environment. Besides that, Bart, Shankar, Sultan and Urban (2005) said security and privacy are the factors that influence customer trust in online purchase. Therefore, web security is very important for cinema company when running e-ticketing system because customer demanding cinema company will protect the privacy and sensitive in formation of customer. Customer willing to use cinema e-ticketing system to purchase movie ticket when customer perceived the level of risk is low. Jacoby and Kaplan (1972) identified there are five types of risk in pre-Internet context that are financial, performance, social, psychological and psychical risk. After that, Roselius (1971) identified time risk as the sixth dimension of risk. However, Kim (2008) stated that there are three types perceived risk in online purchase context that are product risk, information risk and financial risk.Product risk is worst product that bought from online. Information risk is wrong products information provided by online retailer. Financial risk is loss of money derived from a bad product choice. It showed that perceived risk has negative influence for customer online purchase intention because there is too many risk in online purchase environment. However, customer is less likely to purchase online when perceived high risk. Therefore, when cinema company running e-ticketing system company must provide good web security, website, e-ticketing system and product to customer in order to reduce customers risk and gain the trust from customers. It showed that perceived risk is a significant factor that will influence customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 2.2.5 Perceived Usefulness Teo (2011) explained that perceived usefulness is a degree to which a person believes that using a specific technology will enhance performance. Thus, perceived usefulness is a factor that influences customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket.Moreover, Venkatesh and Davis (2000) stated perceived usefulness will influence customer intention of using Internet. Customer perceived that online purchase is more benefits than traditional way.On the other hand, customer purchase through Internet is considered and ease of use.Venkatesh and Davis (2000) indicated perceived usefulness has a positive effect on custom er online purchase intention, customers are more likely to online purchase when customer perceived online purchase is useful way to transaction.In the case of cinema e-ticketing system, if customers perceived that online purchase cinema movie ticket is useful and convenience, customer is more likely to use cinema e-ticketing system to purchase movie ticket through Internet. According to Gefen, Karahanna and Straub (2003),perceived usefulness is a measure of the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subjective assessment of the utility offered by the new information technology in a specific task-related context.Usefulness, reliability and ease of use are the main components for online purchase (Park and Gretzel, 2006).It showed that the customers who perceived usefulness for online purchase, customers will purchase through the company website.In the case of cinema e-ticketing system, when customers belief that e-ticketing system is usefulness so customers will purchase cinema movie ticket through e-ticketing system. Butler and Peppard (1998) stated consumers willgain benefits from online purchase because online purchase provides consumers global market and larger product catalogues from wide range of sellers.Nowadays, consumer can be easily connected to global networks because of the advanced network and technologies. Lee (2009) said online purchase provided speed, quantity of information and products to customers. Thus, customers will be more confident to online purchase due to wide information and product varieties.According to Vijayasarathy (2004), the consumers perceived usefulness of online purchase included cool, enjoyable, save time, fun, free, flexibility, informative, resourceful, comparative, convenience and many more. In the case of e-ticketing system, customer perceived usefulness of online purchase cinema movie ticket included convenience, save time and flexibility compared with the traditional way. There are many benefits when customer using cinema e-ticketing system to purchase movie ticket. For example, customer using cinema e-ticketing system is very flexibility and convenience because customer can purchase cinema movie ticket at any places through Internet and device. Other than that, customer can avoid long queue when using cinema e-ticketing system to purchase cinema ticket and it is save time for customer.. It showed that perceived usefulness is a significant factor that will influence customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 2.2.6 Web Security and Customer Online Purchase Intention There is a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable in this research study that are web security and online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Adeline, Ali and Hishamuddin (2006) said there is a correlation between customer online purchase intention and the personal information and security of credit card payment. However, the function of web security is to protect customer information and credit card payment process. Thus, customer has confident to use cinema e-ticketing system to purchase movie ticket. Web security plays an important role in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Security and privacy are the elements that influence intention of customer online purchase (Rehman, Ashfaq and Ansari, 2011). Zellweger (1997) stated the security of transaction that will also affect customer online purchase intention. Hacker is the person that will stole customer personal information and credit card detail, this will cause customer financial loss. Cinema company must pay attention in web security in order to protect privacy of customers. Therefore, customer will feel secure when using cinema e-ticketing system to purchase movie ticket. H1: There is a relationship between web security and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 2.2.7 Perceived Risk and Customer Online Purchase Intention There is a relationship between i ndependent variable and dependent variable in this research study that are perceived risk and online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket.Perceived risk is a factor that will bring negative consequences of using cinema e-ticketing system. The risk in online purchase always refers to financial risk that may lead customer financial loss (Ocass, 2002). Website malfunctions, e-payment, privacy and policy also are the risks that will affect intention of customer during online purchase. Thus, cinema company must control the quality of website security in order to reduce risk then customers will more willing to use cinema e-ticketing system. Perceived risk can be defined as an essential aspect of customer purchase intention due to the potential perceived anxiety and impairment that will negatively affect a person intention (OCass, 2002). Pavlou (2002) said perceived risk is very influential point of discussing customer online purchase intention because customer is trying to avoid r isks during online purchase.Thus, cinema company must do well in web security in order to reduce perceived risk of customer when using cinema e-ticketing system. H2: There is a relationship between perceived risk and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 2.2.8 Perceived Usefulness and Customer Online Purchase Intention There is a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable in this research study that are perceived usefulness and online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket.Ignatius and Ramayah (2005) stated perceived usefulness is the important factors that influence people to use a new technology. Vijayasarathy (2004) said perceived usefulness is customer believes online purchase will get more benefits such as save time, convenience and many more. Vijayasarathy (2004) support the perceived usefulness will influence intention of online purchase. It means customer will use cinema e-ticketing system when perceived usefulness and c ustomer will continue to use this technology. It is because cinema e-ticketing system help customer to save time and purchase movie ticket more convenience. H3: There is a relationship between perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention cinema of cinema movie ticket. 2.3 Related Theories Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a theory to test the technologys usefulness and ease of use (Park, 2009). Consumers will only accept a new technology when that is usefulness, low risk and secure. The e-ticketing system that implemented by cinema companyis very useful for customer. It helps customer to save time and provide customer convenience when purchase movie ticket online. At the same time, cinema company must confirm that web security is secure and the risk is low. Customer will more confident to use cinema e-ticketing system when customer perceived usefulness of cinema e-ticketing system, web security is secure and the level of risk is low. Thus, customer will ac cept the cinema e-ticketing system and willing continue to use this technology to online purchase cinema movie ticket. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literature Review Customer Online Purchase Intention" essay for you Create order

Four Major Civil Rights Speeches and Writings

Personal Statement Seeking Admission to Master’s Degree...

As far as success is concerned, a mans accepted wisdom works just the way a band-rejection filter does. It has low opposition to ambitions and ideally infinite resistance to failure. But in my perception, to be truly successful a man needs to accept and learn from failure as it is the fingerpost on the road to achievement. With this belief firmly in place, I wish to offer insight into my decision to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In my early years, I was fascinated to learn about the observations and inventions made by the Italian renaissance polymath – Leonardo da Vinci. I often wondered how difficult it must be for someone to combine art and science, the only two factors†¦show more content†¦According to the United States–India Educational Foundation, the education offered by universities of US is six years ahead of the rest of the world. When I discussed my plans of pursuing a master†™s degree with my college principal, also a senior member of operation research society of India, he strongly suggested Umass Amherst since it is categorized as a Research University with Very High research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and would be ideal for someone seeking a career in research. Besides the facts that Umass is the largest public university in New England, it built a Large Millimeter Telescope, its UMass Permaculture initiative, effective support service for international students, substantial funding prospects, academic brilliance and cutting-edge technology, what attracted me the most is the hands on training provided at your university and its research expenditures each year. I believe that I possess the fervor, intellect and perseverance to significantly contribute to the research carried out at your university. As wisely said by Sir Isaac Newton, If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. The wholesome education offered at your university will intensify my technical skills, strengthen my research abilities, serve the ultimate purpose of aquiring comprehensive knowledge that would be beneficial to the society and most of all it will instigateShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pageswealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! 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Trends in Global Philanthropy among U.S. foundations

Question: Discuss about the Trends in Global Philanthropy among U.S. foundations? Answer: Overview: The global rise in giving funds to social causes has increased a lot in recent years. This article has discussed the growth of philanthropy by U.S. foundations. The analysis provided insight into the trend currently going on among top firms and entrepreneurs (Maclean et al., 2013). Specific qualitative design used The models related to microcredit have been followed. The success drawn by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh has been taken. Comprehensive analysis of all studies reviewed rigorously to find out the effectiveness of philanthropy. Population and sample the samples were taken from different studies based on the trend of philanthropy by several U.S firms. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects Proper data collection is needed to research about any topic. Steps are followed to derive the result. First relevant article and sample data were collected. Then measurement was done on the quality of the data. The irrelevant data were erased out, and only related information on the topic was taken for the analysis. Steps Taken for the analysis of the data The pattern of differing interpretations of effectiveness is often overlapped with social problems. Researchers use an approach that is more cautious while practitioners move quickly to implement ideas. Scientific methods began with a hypothesis about how the trend affected global market. Then results were targeted to particular scientific audiences (Petersen McClure, 2011). Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework The issues of reliability often come as a barrier to accepting research results. In this case, the issue revolved around considering U.S. companies. The result is based on the approach taken by US firms and their implementation of philanthropy in world finance. Article: Social innovation and the practice of contemporary Entrepreneurial philanthropy Overview The social crisis has accelerated the need for philanthropy. Entrepreneurs are taking steps in addressing socio-economic challenges. They are making their presence felt in integrating theory and empirical practice. The article has highlighted the commitment of philanthropists and their prospective effect on coming years (Shaw et al., 2013). A specific qualitative design A straightforward fund-raising model was followed. It is relied on the view and approach of the persons in the research. It revolved around 55 foundations in UK; it exemplified within the diverse community function. The population and sample The population of the sample is minuscule. The study had only taken views of few participants. Only two entrepreneurs, one house builder, a historical novelist and four charitable trusts were the participants. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects The data collection process supervised different organizations in UK. Data were collected from as many as 253 in different funds, 48 corporate, 36 charities and trust funds. The data were thoroughly filtered, and the most relevant subjects were taken. Steps for analysis of the data The data were not taken randomly. It was purposefully selected. For the analysis, grant making fund programs, performance on social deprivation were followed. Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework Limitations of the study include the fact that the empirical site embraced a single organization. It lacks the significance of concrete result and findings. The interviews, one on one session were conducted to few entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is probably not showing the real picture (LeClair, 2014). Article: Exploring contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy Overview: The article has examined the philanthropic outcome of super-wealthy entrepreneurs in large-scale endeavors. The findings of the study have highlighted the blend of different forms of capital as a defining feature (Kou et al., 2013). Specific qualitative design The design followed the history of philanthropic works done for centuries. The design has showed entrepreneurs have demonstrated a keen interest in philanthropy. The population and sample The sample they used for the study was huge in number. It started from the early centuries. It also collected a detailed study on philanthropic ventures in last 30 to 40 years. Steps for data collection and protection of human subjects Three forms of cultural capital were used. It embodied personal disposition. It objectified various studies and institutionalized educational qualifications. Steps for the analysis of the data The analysis was done based on social, socio-economic, political and global perspective. The analysis had widely observed the ideologies and theories applied in this context. Issues of trustworthiness within a qualitative framework The article has contributed to a theoretical model of understanding of contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy. Applicable hypothetical study Based on the analysis of a hypothesis can be derived. H1: Global philanthropy is needed for socio-cultural development throughout the world. H0: Global philanthropy is not needed for socio-cultural development throughout the world. The hypothesis can derive the effectiveness of the analysis from which we can find the outcome. The study derived from the hypothesis depends upon philanthropic growth and the influence on the entrepreneurs around the globe. The study is important in the sense it can explore the trend of philanthropy and the involvement of business leaders. The business leaders from the past have been using the fund as a tool to create an impression on the people (Zunz, 2014). In these articles, several designs have been followed to analysis the data. In some cases, the research was only conducted through the interview. Only a few people were the sample. The worthiness of the finding was critical as it had a contradictory effect. The argument said it was not trustworthy as the sample size was so less. It was perceived as a general outcome of a community. In other articles, the research was well organized, and it was praised for the value it generated. The sample size was big; the quality assessment was precise and effective. The less effective and irrelevant data were curtailed down. Researches were conducted on a larger business community as well as trusts, clubs and individual wealthy persons (LeClair, 2014). Strengths and challenges The strengths and challenges were found from the case topic. The strengths were the data of the research done. The analysis was full proofed, and it followed the proper step of the analysis. The amount of data and sample was collected since the eighteenth century. Results of funds taken are ranging from top corporate house, firms, trusts, clubs, and individual. Hypothesis drawn from the findings were predominantly challenges both the positive and negative aspects of the topic. However, it does not allow to draw any conclusion on whether it was impacting on the socio-cultural side of people or it was not. Ethical issues are there that was found from the research process. The super wealthy organizations and the wealthy entrepreneurs often try to use philanthropic works for their benefit. Sometimes they attempt to evade tax department or to fake their assets by endorsing charitable funding. Ethical consideration needs to be there as it is directed towards the benefit of poor people. The super power countries need to understand the actual meaning of funding. The funds help the third world countries to help the underachievers and poor in their livelihood. The issue has been addressed by several journals to point out the negative side of philanthropy. Philanthropic works should be directed at helping the poor. The government of respective countries needs to tap whether the philanthropic endeavors are actually for the cause or it is largely exaggerated. Corporate Social Responsibility has been imposed by several countries to create a rule for the corporate houses. The regulation says this activity should be followed by giving a part of the excess profit for the benefit of the poor (Tilcsik Marquis, 2013). References: Kania, J., KraMer, M., Russell, P. A. T. T. Y. (2014). Strategic philanthropy for a complex world. Kou, X., Hayat, A. D., Mesch, D. J., Osili, U. O. (2013). The Global Dynamics of Gender and Philanthropy in Membership Associations: A Study of Charitable Giving by Lions Clubs International Members.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 0899764013502583. LeClair, M. S. (2014). A History of Philanthropy in the United States. InPhilanthropy in Transition(pp. 1-26). Palgrave Macmillan US. Maclean, M., Harvey, C., Gordon, J. (2013). Social innovation, social entrepreneurship and the practice of contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy.International Small Business Journal,31(7), 747-763. Petersen, A. C., McClure, G. D. (2011;2010;). Trends in global philanthropy among U.S. foundations: A brief review of data and issues.The Foundation Review,2(4), 88-100. doi:10.4087/FOUNDATIONREVIEW-D-10-00032 Shaw, E., Gordon, J., Harvey, C., Maclean, M. (2013;2011;). Exploring contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy.International Small Business Journal,31(5), 580-599. doi:10.1177/0266242611429164 Tilcsik, A., Marquis, C. (2013). Punctuated Generosity how mega-events and natural disasters affect corporate philanthropy in US communities.Administrative Science Quarterly, 0001839213475800. Zunz, O. (2014).Philanthropy in America: A history. Princeton University Press.

In King Lear, A Literary Masterpiece By The World Famous Essays

In King Lear, a literary masterpiece by the world famous English playwright William Shakespeare, there are several evident points trying to be made about the proper role of a child to his or her parent. Through the characters of Lear's daughters, and the Earl of Gloucester's son and his bastard son, Shakespeare tries to stress that a child should have love for his or her parent or parents, respect for his or her parent or parents, and most of all obey his or her parent or parents. Beginning in the first act Shakespeare tries to stress the point that a child should love his or her parent or parents. Goneril, Lear's eldest daughter, herself when speaking to Lear states, ?Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter, Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty....? and, ?A love that makes breath poor and speech unable. Beyond all manner of so much I love you.? Also, when Regan, Lear's second born daughter refers to Goneril's love for her father, she says, ?...I find she names my very deed of love; Only she comes too short, that I profess myself an enemy to all other joys...? Cordelia, Lear's youngest child, says, ?I love Your Majesty...? and also, ?I return those duties back as they are right fit, obey you, love you...? It is obvious then, that Shakespeare feels that a child should love his or her parent or parents very much. William Shakespeare, or Big Willy, also put much emphasis on respecting one's parent or parents as well. Cordelia herself says that she honors her father when she states, ?...you have begot me, bred me, loved me. I return those duties back as they are right fit, Obey you, love you, and most honor you.? Big Willy feels that even if a child does not love his or her parent or parents, then they still must respect and honor them. Honoring someone and Loving someone are two totally different things. One can honor something and not love it, though it would be hard to not honor something that one truly loves. Take for instance this fact. I have much respect for the boogey man. I mean come on, this guy has evaded all scientific probes for centuries, is able to operate outside the laws of physics, like being able to walk into a closet but as soon as the lights come on he's gone, and has the power to rip you to shreds with his bare hands. It's a little known fact that sheets were actually invented as a protective barrier from him. Even with all his power, as long as you are under the safety of the sheets, he his harmless. So it is evident I respect the Boogey man, but I don't love him. I'd have to be some sort of freak to do that. Finally, and most importantly, Big Willy Shakespeare feels that even if a parental/child relationship is ?sans? love or respect, the child still must obey his or her parent or parents. This is evident in the ways that King Lear's daughters and Gloucester's bastard son treats their fathers. In act one scene one, Lear wants his daughters to tell him that hey love him more than anything else in the world and then he wants to make out with them for a while. Now even if you didn't want to do this, your father told you to, so you have no choice, as far as I can tell. Cordelia felt differently, however. She flat told him how it was. She was all like, ?Why have my sisters husbands if they say they love you all? Haply, when I shall wed, that lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry half my love with him, half my care and duty. Sure I shall never marry like my sisters, to love my father all.? Then King Lear was all like, ?Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity, and property of blood, and as a stranger to my heart and me hold thee from this forever.? In other words, he was just made because he wanted her to make out with him, because he's a dirty, crazy old man, and when she wouldn't do it, he got mad at her and disowned her. Sounds like the story of my life. In conclusion, King Lear is a play full of chills, thrills, spills, and kills, but amidst all the action, or extremely sufficient lack thereof, it is easy to miss the deep underlying meaning: there is a proper role for a child. This proper role is for the

Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essays

Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essays Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essay Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essay Amalgamate Products is a multibillion-dollar company headquartered in Atlanta. Georgia. which specializes in a big choice of merchandises and services. It is a planetary company with many locations around the universe. The company consists of a really little staff. and its organisational construction is really decentralised. with each concern unit held accountable for its ain P A ; L. In the early 1980’s the corporation began its scheme of geting several new companies. In 1999. Consolidated Products purchased a concern unit. Engineered Materials. from Andreas Manufacturing. Engineered Materials was the smallest of the five companies that were portion of the Consolidated Products acquisitions during the last two decennaries. Amalgamate Products recognized the differences in the company and its new acquisition from the beginning and understood that challenges would ensue in the integrating procedure. Engineered Materials brought along its civilization from Andreas Manufacturing. which was an old school manner of thought and rigorous hierarchal organisational construction. Over the past few old ages. it has focused its attempts on seeking to alter and incorporate the civilization of Engineered Materials in order to suit into the entrepreneurial manner of the overall company. Unfortunately. its attempts were non successful. In 2003. the company’s gross revenues consequences had decreased by eight per centum. while many of its rivals had gained over five per centum. Effective leading and cross-functional squads are ever of import factors within a company to derive success. An effectual leader is critical when it comes to running a company. It is highly of import for an effectual squad leader to possess great communicating accomplishments to be able to pull off several employees or squad members. Besides. a team leader must demo assurance when taking determination and giving out orders to his or her employees. Others look up to person that is confident and that provides the motive to act upon each and everyone one of its staff members to endeavor for success. At the same clip. a team leader should ever be respectful to others and ever cognize when to take the incrimination when something goes incorrect. Even though there is a strong relationship between leading and cross-functional squad leaders. leading it is non the lone of import feature in a cross-functional squad. A cross-functional squad leader must be able to put ends and aims for squad members to carry through. Since employees from different sections of a company are acquiring together to work as a group. it is highly of import for a squad leader to construct upper direction sponsorship and support. to be able to supply all the resources necessary for the squad. Besides. by adding positive squad kineticss with clear and broad communicating. a cross-functional squad leader can be able to accomplish the team’s ends. All these features of leading and cross-functional squad leaders will assist work out the issues in Amalgamate Products. Issues such as employees non being committed to their assignment. or non understanding squad ends. will no longer be a battle within the organisation. Therefore. Amalgamate Products can go even more successful and go on to turn as a company. In any cross-functional squad it is of import to be able to hold the right resources available at all times in orde r to be successful. doing certain that everything is in topographic point before a squad starts working together. Therefore. sing resources and logistics plays an of import function when it comes to a cross-functional squad. Some of the inquiries that cross-functional squad leaders should reply before piecing a group together are: Do you need dedicated squad infinite? Does the squad necessitate a budget? Does the squad member have entree to all the information from the different sections involved? Is a shared country needed for hive awaying information? These are some of the of import issues that can impact the effectivity of a team’s public presentation. By doing certain that upper direction is back uping and patronizing the team’s activities. a cross-functional squad leader would be able to supply the resources necessary to be able to public presentation successfully as a squad. When a company purchases a new division. it is of import that they provide change direction in order to do the passage go swimmingly. In this instance. the new Engineered Materials division is holding som e issues with the new squad based direction manner. One manner to assist passage this division is to supply preparation to the employees. First. you would desire to interview the employees and roll up informations on precisely why they are holding jobs within their squads. We would so desire to take analyze the information and understand which ailments can be fixed by direction. and which ailments are due to the deficiency of preparation in the squads. We would so take all of the factors that can be influenced by preparation and interrupt them up into classs. When analysing the instance. we decided that there are many countries that should be explained better and need extra preparation in order to hold an influence on the squad members. The first measure in the preparation procedure that we decided on would be implementing a wages system that would incentivize the members so that they will non hold the feeling that it is non in their occupation description. They should informed that the squad procedure is portion of their occupation a nd that they will each be held accountable for public presentation. Management besides should put up squad edifice exercisings for each squad. The squads do non cognize each other really good and hence they do non hold assurance in the other members. If the squads were to be involved in exercisings that help to construct relationships among them. so the members would work better together. The squads should be advised on what the ends are for them. Then the direction should include the benefits to accomplishing these ends. The squad members will respond otherwise if they are introduced to benefits that are individualized and non merely company benefits. There should be a scheduled clip for the squads to run into. and the squad public presentation should be evaluated. Management should hold a meeting that every squad member is required to go to. During this meeting. they should discourse the benefits to holding a squad based direction system. Management should besides portion positive experiences that other companies have had that would assist act upon the importance of the construct. During this meeting. companywide ends should be discussed. All employees are funny about what they are working towards in every section. It helps to supply an overview of the vision and what they are endeavoring towards. Whenever squads meet their ends. they should be announced throughout the whole company. Each member of the squad should be given acknowledgment. Last. the direction needs to be cognizant of what the squads need to be successful and should supply them back up to promote them to work difficult towards the ends. Our confer withing squad has decided that if the Consolidated direction follows our suggestions and gathers a farther apprehension of what it takes to construct and keep the squads. they should hold a successful execution of the squads. As we have stated. the company needs to work on doing the members understand the importance of the squad determinations. and they should besides supply them extended preparation. The squad leaders should be provided specific developing on how to take a group successfully. The squad leader must hold full committedness towards the squad. and must work with the members to come up with the best thoughts. Developing a squad typically goes through four phases. The squad goes through organizing. ramping. norming. and executing. The Engineered Materials division is presently in the storming phase. Once equal preparation and apprehension is provided. the company will travel onto the following phase. Transfering a concern from a hierarchal direction manner to a squad based manner is non easy. and takes clip. Plants Citedâ€Å"Setting up a Cross-Functional Team. † – Team Management Skills from MindTools. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Managing Cross-Functional Teams. † – Team Management Training from MindTools. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Bruce Tuckman: Forming Ramping Norming Performing Team Development. † Businessballs. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .

With respect to the 4th ammendment, briefly explain the following Essay

With respect to the 4th ammendment, briefly explain the following concepts, in doing so be sure to present the respective cases - Essay Example In the landmark case of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States [1920], Federal agents that illegally seized tax books of a suspect and made copies as records of tax evasion. The Court held that such illegal seizure circumvented the Fourth Amendment, and that the records made are fruits from the poisonous tree (illegal seizure of tax books), hence may not be considered in court. However, under the independent source doctrine evidence that is obtained based upon information unrelated to an unlawful search is not fruit of the poisonous tree. In the case of Segura v. United States (1984), law enforcers entered the private premises of the suspect and remained in there until the search warrant arrived. The Supreme Court admitted the evidence found after the search warrant arrived but excluded all others as upon entry without the warrant. The Court held that the question on the legality of entry was irrelevant to challenge the admissibility of evidence due to the independent source of the warrant. In the case of United States v. Leon (1984), a police officer that relied on a defective search warrant with no knowledge of the validity of the basis for how it was obtained was said to have acted in good faith, and the evidence obtained from such defective search warrant was allowed in Court.

Effective Bookkeeping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective Bookkeeping - Essay Example A failure to keep books properly can have very real ramifications for a school, a district, and the workers in it: it could cause intense scandal and cost people jobs and the district money. Furthermore, regular audits are done to ensure that all moneys are accounted for in reasonable ways, meaning that mistakes will get found and will have real consequences for everyone in the chain of bookkeeping, which could possibly include dismissal. It is difficult to overemphasize the importance of proper bookkeeping. This will simply serve as a refresher, please remember that the full description of appropriate policies and legislation relating to school accounting can be found in the Tennessee Internal School Uniform Accounting Policy Manual. There are several things that can lead to effective bookkeeping, and it is firstly important to emphasize basic and fundamental general rules before moving on to the specifics. Firstly, a record keeping must be orderly and complete. Any transaction incl uding school funds should be kept in a safe location, organized by date and able to be recalled at will. Secondly, transparency is of fundamental importance. If anything does seem to be amiss, it is my responsibility as principle to immediately notify a superior, and thus it is your responsibility to immediately notify me. ... These include funds of a variety of sources, including rental fees for non-district use of school property, student activity fees, donations, and even including cafeteria money. One of the most important and sometimes irking aspects of accounting is that specific fees sometimes need to be assigned to specific tasks, and cannot be used for other tasks. A school’s general fund, which constitutes money gained for the operation of a school, for instance, are only allowed to be use to supplement and not to replace the obligations of the school board, for instance. This means that while the general fund should not be used for school repairs, for instance, which are the responsibility of the district. Thus it is important to keep auditors happy and the whole process smooth that we be very conservative when administering funds, keeping careful track of the money flow and be able to demonstrate that moneys collected under one fund, the general fund, for instance, are not used in inappr opriate, or even seemingly inappropriate ways. Thus, it is incredibly important to keep strong firewalls between different kinds of funds used by the school, and flag any funds that might transfer between the two. Finally, it is of the greatest importance that enough internal controls are in place to ensure that the school is not damaged or defrauded, and that moneys are not misused. There can be very serious consequences from lack internal controls, including bank deposits being stolen, money being diverted for internal use, and so forth. This means things discussed above such as physical control of records, but also daily tallying of cash flows in and out (in cafeterias, and with cash registers, for instance) as well as ensuring proper security

Examining the Market and Operations Strategy of Tesco

Examining the Market and Operations Strategy of Tesco Introduction Human resource management  or shortly said H.R.M. is a designed  and  articulate  way to  management  of people working in the company or organization. The other term used for this is personnel management which is used instead of human resource management. It cn be defines as:- A continues processes managing people in any organizations in a way to achieve its objectives and goals. Human Resource Management is basically a study as well as a department in any organization that stands on ideas and techniques set to improve employee motivation, efficiency and performance. The HRM models makes necessary emphasizes: search for new ways and methods of working key role of managers in making progressive change treating all the workers as individuals encouragement of staff to think management as their partners instead of bosses Human capital is the important quality and capability of businesses especially in service based business. Human resources are some time major proportion of costs for many businesses. Management of such important and valuable resources is necessary for the success of business. Human resource management  means recruiting employees, arranging their training to improve their skills, utilizing these skills, maintaining their performances and paying off their services as required. Employees are a value asset for an organization. The purpose of all this arrangement is to contribute in achievement of company or organization targets. Human Resource Management practitioners have modern view about workplace management comparing to the traditional thinking. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk reduction within organizations. HRM and Employees Performance HRM and organisational performance, evident in improved employee commitment, lower levels of absenteeism and turnover, higher levels of skills and therefore higher productivity, enhanced quality and efficiency  . This area of work is sometimes referred to as Strategic HRM or SHRM (. Within SHRM three strands of work can be observed: Best practice, Best Fit and the Resource Based View (RBV). The notion of best practice sometimes called high commitment HRM proposes that the adoption of certain best practices in HRM will result in better organisational performance. Perhaps the most popular work in this area is that of Pfeffer  Ã‚  who argued that there were seven best practices for achieving competitive advantage through people and building profits by putting people first. These practices included: providing employment security, selective hiring, extensive training, sharing information, self-managed teams, high pay based on company performance and the reduction of status differentials. However, there is a huge number of studies which provide evidence of best practices, usually implemented in coherent bundles, and therefore it is difficult to draw generalised conclusions about which is the best way (For a comparison of different sets of best practices see Becker and Gerhart, 1996   Best fit, or the contingency approach to HRM, argues that HRM improves performance where there is a close vertical fit between the HRM practices and the companys strategy. This link ensures close coherence between the HR people processes and policies and the external market or business strategy. There are a range of theories about the nature of this vertical integration. For example, a set of lifecycle models argue that HR policies and practices can be mapped onto the stage of an organisations development or lifecycle. Competitive advantage models take Porters (1985) ideas about strategic choice and map a range of HR practices onto the organisations choice of competitive strategy. Finally configurational modelsprovide a more sophisticated approach which advocates a close examination of the organisations strategy in order to determine the appropriate HR policies and practices. However, this approach assumes that the strategy of the organisation can be identified many organisations ex ist in a state of flux and development. The Resource Based View (RBV), argued by some to be at the foundation of modern HRM, focusses on the internal resources of the organisation and how they contribute to competitive advantage. The uniqueness of these resources is preferred to homogeneity and HRM has a central role in developing human resources that are valuable, rare, difficult to copy or substitute and that are effectively organised. Overall, the theory of HRM argues that the goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is fit, i.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organisations employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989). The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as  psychology,  industrial relations, industrial engineering,  sociology,  economics, and critical theories:  postmodernism,  post-structuralism  play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources Management or in Human Resources and Industrial Relations. One widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by  Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function: Strategic business partner Change Agent Employee champion Administration Expert Human Resource Department Responsibilities Companies can have different departments, ranging from sales to human resources.   Depending on the size of a company, the human resource department may have an entire staff. Employment opportunities found in the department include human resource coordinator, assistant and director. Human resource department responsibilities can involve understanding federal, state and local  laws. Training and Development The human resources department assists companies with training and development. Companies train employees for different reasons, ranging from employee motivation to new technology. The length of training can differ from hours to weeks. Types of training can range from workshops to classroom participation. Some topics discussed in training sessions include employee safety and customer service. Benefits Companies must use different incentives to attract and maintain employees. After compensation, benefits are a common incentive to keep employees. The  Society  for Human Resource Management states benefits can involve federal and state requirements, such as unemployment insurance. Some companies offer a range of benefits. Types of benefits include dental insurance, vision insurance and paid days off. Compensation The Human Resources Department verifies that employees receive proper compensation. One form of compensation involves the amount of pay an employee receives in exchange for work performed, known as base pay. Commissions offer another form of compensation. Some companies offer only a combination of base pay and commissions, such as for a sales  job. Staffing A company requires staff to provide products and services to its customers. One human resources staffing-related activity involves advertising. Advertising allows companies to match applicants with potential jobs. Forms of advertising can take place on employment boards, specialty newspapers or business websites. Other human resource activities involve contacting applicants for interviews and confirming each applicants background. Employee Exit Interview HR Tools indicates employee exit interviews can help organizations maintain retention rates. Another benefit from exit interviews is a company can obtain  positive  feedback about its compensation, benefits or training programs. The human resources department has the responsibility of scheduling and conducting exit interviews. The employee should feel comfortable discussing employment issues, so a private office is advisable for the interviews. Business Practice Human resources management involves several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other departments. When effectively integrated they provide significant economic benefit to the company. Workforce planning Recruitment  (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction,  Orientation  and  Onboarding Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation in  wage  or  salary Time management Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Payroll  (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Employee benefits  administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal Labor relations HRM strategy An HRM strategy pertains to the means as to how to implement the specific functions of HRM. An organizations HR function may possess recruitment and selection policies, disciplinary procedures, reward/recognition policies, an HR plan, or learning and development policies, however all of these functional areas of HRM need to be aligned and correlated, in order to correspond with the overall business strategy. An HRM strategy thus is an overall plan, concerning the implementation of specific HRM functional areas. An HRM strategy typically consists of the following factors:- Best fit and best practice meaning that there is correlation between the HRM strategy and the overall corporate strategy. As HRM as a field seeks to manage  human resources  in order to achieve properly organizational goals, an organizations HRM strategy seeks to accomplish such management by applying a firms personnel needs with the goals/objectives of the organisation. As an example, a firm selling cars could have a corporate strategy of increasing car sales by 10% over a five year period. Accordingly, the HRM strategy would seek to facilitate how exactly to manage personnel in order to achieve the 10% figure. Specific HRM functions, such as recruitment and selection, reward/recognition, an HR plan, or learning and development policies, would be tailored to achieve the corporate objectives. Close co-operation (at least in theory) between HR and the top/senior management, in the development of the corporate strategy. Theoretically, a senior HR representative should be present when an organizations corporate objectives are devised. This is so, since it is a firms personnel who actually construct a good, or provide a service. The personnels proper management is vital in the firm being successful, or even existing as a going concern. Thus, HR can be seen as one of the critical departments within the functional area of an organization. Continual monitoring of the strategy, via employee feedback, surveys, etc. The implementation of an HR strategy is not always required, and may depend on a number of factors, namely the size of the firm, the organizational culture within the firm or the industry that the firm operates in and also the people in the firm. An HRM strategy can be divided, in general, into two facets the people strategy and the HR functional strategy. The people strategy pertains to the point listed in the first paragraph, namely the careful correlation of HRM policies/actions to attain the goals laid down in the corporate strategy. The HR functional strategy relates to the policies employed within the HR functional area itself, regarding the management of persons internal to it, to ensure its own departmental goals are met. Career and Education Several universities offer programs of study pertaining to HRM and broader fields.  Cornell University  created the worlds first school for college-level study in HRM (ILR School).  University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign  also now has a school dedicated to the study of HRM, while several  business schools  also house a center or department dedicated. There are both generalist and specialist HRM jobs. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually conducted by interviewers, EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often conducted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits administrators. Professional organizations Professional organizations in HRM include the  Society for Human Resource Management, the Australian Human Resources Institute (AHRI), the  Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR), Management Association of Nepal (MAN) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada), Human Capital Institute. National Human Resource Development Network in India. Functions The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs to have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they cant yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have-and are aware of-personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. Note that some people distinguish a difference between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, e.g., career development, training, organization development, etc. There is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, e.g., should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around? The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone major changes over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the Personnel Department, mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the HR Department as playing an important role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner. The Responsibilities of a Manager in Human Resources Planning The human resources department has many roles and functions. Historically, the department was responsible for recruitment and training within an organization. Human resources has evolved to include a wide variety of competencies that are necessary for an organizations growth and success. Managers are in constant communication with the human resources department. Effective human resources planning requires managers and company executives to identify the needs of the company and develop a strategic plan to meet those needs. Recruitment The acquisition of experienced and qualified employees is vital to the success of an organization. Managers are responsible for interviewing potential candidates and making recommendations to hire a particular individual. Managers also attend recruiting events and evaluate applicants to determine whether the candidates personality will fit within the corporate environment. Retention Employee retention is an integral part of a managers responsibilities. Managers are obligated to ensure that employee work environments are conducive to individual success. Managers are responsible for motivating employees and developing programs that encourage good employees to remain with the company. Managers communicate the feedback they receive from employees to human resources so they may expand retention initiatives. These initiatives are designed to keep existing employees happy and satisfied with their  jobs. Training Training within an organization is a work in progress. As new products are introduced or industry trends shift in a new direction, additional training and employee development will be necessary. Human resources departments watch markets closely to ensure their organizations remain up to speed on changes within their enterprise. Managers also must supervise employees to ensure that a lack of understanding of company products and services does not interfere with  job  duties. Further, managers are responsible for making recommendations that additional training be conducted if several employees fall behind on a particular objective. Employee Relations Employee relations involve many different aspects of human resources planning. Employee relations are events or situations that affect an employees well-being, such as managerial disputes or employee discrimination. Employee relations also involve employee salaries, benefits,  health  care and retirement. If an employee has a work-related issue, it is usually brought to the attention of his manager first. Managers are responsible for keeping employee relations matters confidential and referring complex issues to the appropriate department to remedy the situation. Job Duties for a Human Resource Specialist Human resource specialists provide a specific type of work in the human resources department of a  business. Even though a person may specialize in any of several areas, the responsibilities of different specialists may overlap. Employee Recruitment and Placement Specialists in employee recruitment and placement manage the applicant screening process and hiring activities for open positions. They may seek out promising applicants through  job boards or  career  fairs and help match them to appropriate jobs. Compensation and Benefits Specialists in this area design and administer employee benefit programs such as health insurance, retirement plans and flexible spending accounts. They must be knowledgeable about the various benefit programs offered by their company as well as laws that may affect these benefits. Job Analysis Job analysts determine job titles, develop job descriptions and designate position classifications. In some companies, job analysis is done by compensation and benefit specialists. Training and Professional Development These specialists provide employee training such as new employee orientation and continuing education. They often develop and present materials for professional development workshops. Labor Relations Labor relations specialists assist with the resolution of employee disputes and grievances, as well as contract negotiation and workplace safety. They negotiate with labor unions and act as liaisons between employees and management. Effective Interviewing Giving an interview is as nerve racking as having one! As an interviewer you want to get as much information from the interviewee as possible, so to do this youre going to have to be nice to them! By making the environment calm and relaxing, both you and the interviewee will get the best from the interview. Before the interview, decide what information you require. It may help you to write yourself a list of questions or keywords, which will help the interview go smoothly. It is important that you listen to the candidate carefully, as well as getting all of the information you want, it will also help you to expand on the interviewees answers. Try to avoid asking questions together as this may confuse the candidate, as well as giving them the option to avoid certain questions. Glossary Of Terms Added Value  often refers to the analysis undertaken by management of the cost and contribution made by employees involved at each stage in the process of producing a product or providing a service. Appraisal Schemes   an individuals performance is reviewed by their manager. Their past performance is examined and future goals are set. Benchmarking  measures standards of performance against others doing similar work. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR)  refers to the methods by which a company or service undertakes a thorough review of all its operations. Business Units  often have their own Trading Accounts and operate with relative autonomy from the rest of the company or service. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)  requires employees to constantly seek ways of improving the quality of the product or service. Delayering  is the removal of middle layers of management resulting in a flatter management organisation. Dismissal  is when you are removed from employment Empowerment/Enablement  are strategies aimed to give people more control and responsibility for their work Flexibility  describes changes in the size of the workforce, depending on short-term changes in market conditions Management-by-Objectivesmeans each management team identifying its key tasks and goals and using these as a yardstick against which performance is measured. Multi-Skilling  is the increase of the skills base of the workforce, usually bringing in new technology Multi-tasking  requires for staff to take on a wider range of tasks, usually involving on-the-job training Outsourcing  occurs when management invites external contractors to undertake work that was previously done by in-house staff. Performance Indicators  measure the improvements in throughputs, outputs and outcomes. Performance Related Pay (PRP)links an individuals performance with their pay. Different schemes have been set up to measure Team Building  brings together employers and employees, with the goal of increasing performance by strengthening relationships within the workplace Total Quality Management (TQM)usually involves the introduction of continuous monitoring. It refers to initiatives designed to improve the quality of products and services to meet customers requirements. http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/business/hrm/lesson/hrm1map.gif Title Human resource management: a problem-solving approach linked to ISLLC standards G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series Authors Jerry R. Baker,  Madeleine S. Doran Edition 2, revised, illustrated Publisher RL Education, 2007 Length 217 pages Title HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Authors ROBERT L. MATHIS,  JOHN H. JACKSON Publisher Cengage Learning, 2007 Subjects Business Economics / Human Resources Personnel Management Title Human resource management: a strategic approach to employment B H contemporary business series Author Chris Hendry Edition illustrated, reprint Publisher Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995 ISBN 075060994X, 9780750609944 Length 485 pages Title A handbook of human resource management practice Author Michael Armstrong Edition 9, illustrated Publisher Kogan Page Publishers, 2003 ISBN 0749441054, 9780749441050 Length 979 pages Title Human Resource Management Authors Derek Torrington,  Stephen Taylor,  Laura Hall,  Carol Atkinson Edition 8 Publisher Pearson Education, Limited, 2010 ISBN 0273732323, 9780273732327 Length 848 pages Subjects Business Economics / Commerce Title Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice Authors John Bratton,  Jeffrey Gold Edition 2, illustrated Publisher Routledge, 2001 ISBN 0805838627, 9780805838626 Length 432 pages

Vanguard Case Analysis Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Vanguard Case Analysis After reading through the Vanguard case, there were a few difficult forks in the road that Vanguard seems to be facing. The company’s future can be greatly affected by some of these difficult choices. Vanguard has to decide whether to change their investment offerings, further develop Internationally, or to simply advertise to increase their client base. Top managers at Vanguard have to step up to the plate and rollout detailed plans as to what path the company should take regarding some of these issues. Through our in-class discussions, the majority of the students argued on one major problem that Vanguard was facing. The problem entailed Vanguards ability to increase future customers without increasing costs. Markets are ever-changing, and the ability of companies to adapt to these changes is the key to survival. One company mentioned specifically in the case was Citigroup. Their ability to adapt to market changes and become a giant in the investments segment as a â€Å"one-stop financial supermarket† is a prime example. Should Vanguard take on this type of adaptation or stick to their current business objectives? One interesting quote Brennan in the case stated â€Å"In the future, nothing about Vanguard’s values will change,† but â€Å"everything about the way we do business must change.† With this in mind, the question is what must change for Vanguard to succeed and continue to earn revenue and gain customers without increasing costs? ...

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Essay

The theory of psychosexual development describes how personality develops throughout our childhood and our experiences during childhood. This theory was developed by Freud, and is well known to the world of psychology. Even though it is well known it is also considered one of the most controversial theories. Freud developed this theory in which there are five different stages. Stage one is considered the oral stage. This stage starts at the birth of the child and ends when the child turns one. During this stage the infant gets the majority of their interactions through their mouth. The rooting and sucking reflexes are very important during this stage because their mouths are vital for eating. Most if not all infants derive pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. During this stage the child develops a sense of trust and comfort because the caretaker/parents are responsible for feedings. The primary conflict during this stage is trying to wean the child off because the child has to become less dependent of the caretaker/parent. Stage two is the anal stage. This stage begins when the child turns one and ends once the child is three years old. Freud believes that during this stage the primary focus of the libido is to learn to control bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict of this stage is toilet training because he child must learn to control his/her bodily needs. Once the child has developed such control they get a sense of accomplishment and independence. But, success at this stage is dependent upon the parents approach to potty training and this stage is more successful when praises and rewards are given. Stage three s the phallic stage and the erogenous zone is the genital. This stage begins once the child turns three and ends once the child turns six years old. During the phallic stage the libidos primary focus is the genitals. It’s at this age that children begin to discover the difference between males and females. Freud believes that boys, in this stage, begin to  view their father as a rival for their mother’s affection. The Oedipus complex describes the feelings that Freud says the boys go through during this stage. These boys also fear they will be punished by their fathers so Freud termed this fear castration anxiety. Stage four is considered the laten period. This stage occurs from the age six to puberty. During this stage the interest of the libido are suppressed. The development of the child’s ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. This stage begins just around the time that children are starting school and are becoming more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies, and other interests. This stage is very important to the development of social, communication skills, and self confidence. Stage five of the psychosexual development theory is the genital stage. The erogenous zone of this stage is maturing sexual interest. This is the final stage of psychosexual s=development, and during this stage the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage will only end once someone dies. During this stage the interest and welfare of others grows. The goal of this stage is to establish a balance between various areas of life. After studying this theory, I now see why it is one of the most controversial theories. This theory places much of its focus on males an very rarely mentions the development of females. Freud’s theories can also be very difficult to test; for example, concepts that Freud uses such as the libido cannot be tested and are impossible to measure. New research being done often discredits Freud’s work. Freud’s predictions are also very vague, and is based upon case studies about adult patients and their recollections of their childhood not actual observation and study of children.

Physical And Mental Benefits Of Getting A Disease

About 60 to 70 percent of Americans do not get enough exercise (CDC ). Due to that, there is a huge percentage of Americans who don’t get enough exercise therefore, I am going to create a gym for teens and adults to enjoy. Health is important in many ways. One reason why exercising is important is because it is a struggle for most teens to get a certain amount of exercise. Exercise has many benefits such as physical and mental benefits. Which help people get more active and more aware of their surroundings. These benefits can help a person go further in life. Exercise also has benefits to prevent one from having a risk of getting a disease. Did you know that about 17 percent or 12.7 million children and adolescents from the age of two throw the age of nineteen are obese? (JAMA). In the paper I will be discussing the physical and mental benefits of getting exercise as well as how exercising can prevent diseases, and also I will be discussing what would be in the gym I plan to open and how I plan on opening it. Many teens do not get enough exercise, but exercise does have benefits such as physical and mental benefits as well as reducing the rate of getting a disease. Physical health is an important factor for a teen. A teenage should exercise but not too intense. Which means that one should not exercise too much that one would feel sick to his or her stomach. A teen should work for strength and it is best to do different types of exercise. Physical health is based onShow MoreRelated importance of physical activity in youths Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages The Importance of Physical Activity in Adolescence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Engaging in physical behavior during adolescence is very important to the overall health of a child. 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